CHEMISTRY - MIXTURES #3 A

A mixture is several pure substances combined. 

• Unlike a compound, these substances can be physically separated and when they are combined, the amounts of each substance are not fixed.

•  A mixture would be more like a green salad where the different vegetables can be put together when a bowl, but can be easily separated'
• where a compound is more like a baked cake where it would be very difficult to separate out the ingredients once the cake is baked.

The different parts of a mixture keep their own properties when put together.

• One kind of mixture is a solution. 
• A solution is a mixture of two or more substances in which one or more of these substances (solutes) is dissolved in another substance such as water or another sort of liquid (solvent). 
• A solute can be a gas, solid or liquid. 
• Some common solutions include ammonia and vinegar as well as salt water. 

•  The amount of the solutes compared to the solvent in a solution is the concentration of the solution.  
• The greatest concentration of a solute in a solvent is the solubility of a solution. 
• When the solvent contains the most solute it can hold, it is said to be saturated; if it has less solute than it can hold, it is unsaturated.

• A suspension is similar to a solution, but the particles that are in the suspension are able to be seen by the naked eye. 

•  A colloid is a type of mixture in which one substance is split up into tiny particles and spread throughout another substance. 
• Fog and smoke are examples of colloids. 
• One way a colloid is different than solutions is that colloid particles scatter light. By taking a flashlight and focusing it on a colloid, one can see the light beams reflected off the particles in the colloid.

The parts of mixtures can be separated by physical means. 

• Some of the ways that mixtures can be separated include evaporation, precipitation, distillation, filtration and chromatography.

MAKE SURE YOU KNOW WHAT THESE VOCAB TERMS MEAN