HUMAN BODY PROJECT - SYLLABUS & WEB SITES

HUMAN BODY PROJECT

As a final 4th quarter project, and as a wrap-up to the study of the HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS, YOU will design a "HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS TRAVEL GLOG".   You may choose one of the body systems covered in class and create a Glogster that educates your peers on how the selected body system works.

The BODY SYSTEMS covered in class and available for students to select are:

1)   SKELETAL SYSTEM;

2)   MUSCULAR SYSTEM;

3)   NERVOUS SYSTEM;

4)   CIRCULATORY SYSTEM;

5)   RESPIRATORY SYSTEM;

6)   DIGESTIVE SYSTEM;

7)   URINARY SYSTEM;

8)   IMMUNE SYSTEM;

*** Only 2 students per body system (must get approval by me for your choice)

¨   You must have a ROUGH DRAFT on notebook paper with References attached

¨   You will be given a Glogster password; Choose a template that expresses your creativity

¨   Once approved by me – you can begin creating your Glogster.

¨   If you use other websites for information you must ask for approval by me!!!

This is an important project, which you have been prepared to complete with greatness; Please take this very SERIOUSLY.  

Limited class time will be given, this is primarily an outside science project!!!  (budget your time)

Creativity will be very important to receive maximum points

PRESENTATION (keep these directives in mind as you practice & present)

• Did the Glogster enhance the presentation? (Minimal fancy stuff in Glogster).

Keep the Glogster simple! You must talk during the presentation, so use that time to share the details.

• Was the information presented in an organized manner?

• Did you “know” the information? You should know the information well enough that you do not need to read it word-for-word off note cards or the Glogster.

• Did you present to the class? Don’t talk to the screen!

• Did you practice? Be sure to run through your presentation a few times before you present to the class!

INFORMATION REQUIRED:

¨   Identify a minimum of  ‘15’ (fifteen) important facts about the system;

¨   Identify & explain the main structures of the system

¨   At least ‘3’ (three) graphics with a caption below graphic; explain

¨   Describe how the system functions (this could be done using different means - flowchart, diagrams, graphs, video (no longer than 3 minutes) etc...);

o At least one

¨   Identify ‘3’ (three) common illnesses/conditions of the system; at least one related to children; explain

¨   Identify ‘3’ (three) common actions a person can do to improve this body system; explain

¨   Identify the type of MEDICAL DOCTORS of your system (what are these doctors called) & what do they do;

REVIEW OF DATA REQUIRED:

Part 1: Introduction

Tell the name of your organ system and describe the major functions.

Part 2: Diagram

Provide a diagram of your body system with the major parts and organs labeled with their name and functions.

Part 3: Teamwork

Explain how your body system works with others in the body.

Part 4:  Say Cheese!

3 or more graphics showing this system

Part 5:  Nurse, Can you Spell that?

Explain common illness/diseases of your system

Part 6:  Dr. Who?

Types of Doctors of your system & their responsibilities

MATERIALS:

¨   Computer/Internet; GLOSTER& Password; Notebook paper/pen or pencil; Word document

SKILLS NEEDED:

¨   Organization, Time Management, Research, Continuity, Presentation Skills

¨   You will need to spent time each day working on this project.  You may work at home, come in before school to work in Mrs. Kilgore’s room, After care, or public library.

GLOGSTER SPECIFICS

¨   Body Font > 20

¨   Titles – capitalized

¨   All graphics & diagrams must have a caption underneath

BIBLIOGRAPHY – word document

¨   Title  for word document –   ‘BIBLIOGRAPHY’ - (capitalized);  Your ‘NAME’

¨   Citations in alphabetical order

¨   Cite All REFERENCES used - (information, graphics, charts, diagrams, etc…)

¨   Use the MLA citation machine - http://www.easybib.com/

*** Keep this syllabus with you at all times.  I will initial each step.

APPROVED WEBSITES

http://www.innerbody.com/

http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps

http://medtropolis.com/virtual-body/

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/videos/humanbody.html   videos

http://www.humanillnesses.com/  - illnesses/conditions

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/

http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/systems/tutorial.html

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/diseases-and-disorders/  - diseases

http://www.altabatessummit.org/physicians/physician_specialty_definitions.html  - types of physicians

Physicians are categorized by a variety of factors including medical specialty, or patient population.

Primary Care - Family Medicine

Family medicine is one of the options of primary care physicians. Learn more about how to become a Family Practice physician and average income. Family practice physicians see patients of all ages and provide basic care for a variety of more common ailments.

Primary Care - Internal Medicine

Internists also can provide primary care, or they can also sub-specialize into a variety of other areas such as gastroenterology or endocrinology, to name a few of many sub-specialties.

Internists usually have more hospital-based training than family practitioners, and internists do not typically see children under the age of 18.

Hospitalist

Hospitalists only see patients in the hospital. Most hospitalists are physicians who trained in internal medicine, but prefer hospital work over more clinic-based primary care. Some hospitalists may be trained in family practice, but that's not as common.

Surgeon

Surgeons can also be trained in general surgery, or more specialized types of surgery such as orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, or cardiac surgery. Surgeons spend a great deal of time in the Operating Room of a hospital or outpatient surgery center. The training to become a surgeon is typically several years longer than primary care and some medical sub-specialties.

Cardiologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)

Cardiology is one of many sub-specialties of internal medicine. Cardiologists focus on treatment of the heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system. There are many different types of cardiologists, focusing on different aspects of the field. Training to become a cardiologist is fairly extensive, as several years of fellowship are required after completing three years of internal medicine residency. Therefore, a minimum of six years of residency and fellowship after medical school is typical for cardiologists in training.

Dermatologist

Dermatology is one of the most competitive fields for physicians. Typically, only the very top medical students are accepted into dermatology residency programs. Why the desire for dermatology? Because dermatologists are very well compensated (due to aesthetic and cash-pay elective procedures such as botox, lasering, and more). Plus, the quality of life is excellent, with little to no on-call time required, due to the nature of the work.

Endocrinologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)

Endocrinologist treat the endocrine system: the glands that produce and secrete hormones that control and regulate nearly all of the body's functions. Diabetics are often treated by an endocrinologist, as are patients with various thyroid issues.

Gastroenterologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)

Gastroenterologists treat the digestive system. This field attracts physicians who enjoy doing procedures, but who also enjoy seeing patients in an outpatient setting as well.

Infectious Disease (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)

Infectious disease physicians have been very busy lately, dealing with swine flu, bird flu, as well as HIV/AIDS, among other communicable diseases. Infectious disease physicians may practice some primary care internal medicine in addition to their infectious disease patients, depending on the needs of the community or employer.

Nephrologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)

Nephrologists study internal medicine and then sub-specialize in nephrology via additional 2-3 years of fellowship training. Nephrologists treat kidney disease, and prescribe dialysis for that experiencing kidney failure.

Ophthalmologist

Opthalmologists are medical doctors who treat diseases or disorders of the eyes, and perform eye surgery. Vision correction that cannot be handled by an optometrist may be treated by an ophthalmologist.

Obstetrician/Gynecologist (OB/Gyn)

OB/Gyns provide women's healthcare, including care of pregnant women, and surgeries of the reproductive organs to repair abnormalities or remove cancers.

Otolaryngologist

Otolaryngologists, also known as otorhinolaryngologists, are sometimes more commonly referred to as E.N.T.s, which stands for "ear, nose, and throat". Otolaryngology is another field that entails a combination of surgical skills and office-based medicine and treatment. ENTs cover a lot of issues from sinus problems, allergies, head and neck cancers, and more. Therefore, many physicians sub-specialize in a specific area of otolaryngology. However, the current demand is for more general otolaryngologists as opposed to sub-specialized ones.

Pediatrician

You must really love kids to be a pediatrician. Pediatricians only care for younger patients, from infancy through age 18, or sometimes as high as age 21. Pediatricians provide primary health care to children including immunizations, well-baby checks and school physicals, and treatment of coughs and colds, among many other things. More seriously ill or complicated patients may be referred to a pediatric sub-specialist for more specialized treatment.

Pulmonologist (Sub-Specialty of Internal Medicine)

Pulmonologists treat the respiratory system, including the lungs. Pulmonologists often study critical care medicine in conjunction with pulmonary disease, and therefore they may serve as intensivists (covering the ICU) in a hospital, in addition to also seeing patients in an office setting to treat lung problems and diseases.

Psychiatrist

A psychiatrist treats the mental health and well-being of the patient. Psychiatrists may also be office-based, hospital-based, or a combination thereof. Most psychiatrists prefer to practice in an office setting. Some psychiatrists may focus on Child and Adolescent psychiatry, or on addiction medicine.

CELLS FUNCTION - PASSIVE & ACTIVE TRANSPORT, OSMOSIS

PASSIVE TRANSPORT - TAKING THE EASY ROAD

While active transport requires energy and work, passive transport does not. There are several different types of this easy movement of molecules. It could be as simple as molecules moving freely such as osmosis or diffusion. You may also see proteins in the cell membranethat act as channels to help the movement along. And of course there is an in-between transport process where very small molecules are able to cross a semi-permeable membrane. 

Sometimes, proteins are used to help move molecules more quickly. It is a process called facilitated diffusion. It could be as simple as bringing in a glucose molecule. Since the cell membrane will not allow glucose to cross by diffusion, helpers are needed. The cell might notice outside fluids rushing by with free glucose molecules. The membrane proteins then grab one molecule and shift their position to bring the molecule into the cell. That's an easy situation of passive transport because the glucose is moving from higher to lower concentration. It's moving down a concentration gradient. If you needed to remove glucose, the cell would require energy. 

LETTING CONCENTRATION DO THE WORK

Sometimes cells are in an area where there is a large concentration difference. For example, oxygen molecule concentrations could be very high outside of the cell and very low inside. Those oxygen molecules are so small that they are able to cross the lipid bilayer and enter the cell. There is no energy needed for this process. In this case, it's good for the cell because cells need oxygen to survive. It can also happen with other molecules that can kill a cell. 

OSMOSIS

Another big example of passive transport is osmosis. This is a water specific process. Usually, cells are in an environment where there is one concentration of ions outside and one inside. Because concentrations like to be the same, the cell can pump ions in an out to stay alive. Osmosis is the movement of water across the membrane. 

For a cell to survive, ion concentrations need to be the same on both sides of the cell membrane. If the cell does not pump out all of its extra ions to even out the concentrations, the water is going to move in. This can be very bad. The cell can swell up and explode. The classic example of this type of swelling happens when red blood cells are placed in water. The water rushes in to the cells, they expand and eventually rupture (POP!). 

    ACTIVITY

CELLS FUNCTION - ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Active Transport - Energy to Transport

Active transport describes what happens when a cell uses energy to transport something. We're not talking about phagocytosis (cell eating) or pinocytosis (cell drinking) in this section. We're talking about the movement of individual molecules across the cell membrane. The liquids inside and outside of cells have different substances. Sometimes a cell has to work and use some energy to maintain a proper balance of ions and molecules. 

Proteins in the Membrane

Active transport usually happens across the cell membrane. There are thousands of proteins embedded in the cell's lipid bilayer. Those proteins do much of the work in active transport. They are positioned to cross the membrane so one part is on the inside of the cell and one part is on the outside. Only when they cross the bilayer are they able to move molecules and ions in and out of the cell. The membrane proteins are very specific. One protein that moves glucose will not move calcium (Ca) ions. There are hundreds of types of these membrane proteins in the many cells of your body. 

Many times, proteins have to work against a concentration gradient. That term means they are pumping something (usually ions) from areas of lower to higher concentration. This happens a lot in neurons. The membrane proteins are constantly pumping ions in and out to get the membrane of the neuron ready to transmit electrical impulses. 

Stopping the Transport

Even though these proteins are working to keep the cell alive, their activity can be stopped. There are poisons that stop the membrane proteins from transporting their molecules. Those poisons are called inhibitors. Sometimes the proteins are destroyed and other times they are just plugged up. 

Imagine that you are a cell and have ten proteins working to pump calcium into the cell. What if a poison came along and blocked eight of them? You could not survive with just two pumps working and would slowly die. It would be like expecting you to breathe with your mouth and nose plugged up.