Thursday, April 17
Monday, April 14
Wednesday, April 9
Monday, April 7
HUMAN BODY - CALENDAR
- Don't forget - a minimum of 3 sources for your research.
- Add 3 -5 questions to ask at the end of your presentation for the audience to answer & turn in.
- type them out in a word document, I will make copies for every student.
- Check the Human Body Project tab for any asked for information.
PROJECT CALENDAR
3/28 - HUMAN BODY SYSTEM - ASSIGNED4/22 - OUTLINE & RESEARCH COMPLETED
4/23 - DESIGN Your GLOGSTER for PRESENTATION
4/23 - PRACTICE PRESENTATION
4/28 - PRESENTATIONS BEGIN -
Sunday, April 6
Friday, April 4
DNA
DNA - The Double Helix
Recall that the nucleus is a small spherical, dense body in a cell. It is often called the "control center" because it controls all the activities of the cell including cell reproduction, and heredity. How does it do this? The nucleus controls these activities by the chromosomes. Chromosomes are microscopic, threadlike strands composed of the chemical DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid. In simple terms, DNA controls the production of proteins within the cell. These proteins in turn, form the structural units of cells and control all chemical processes within the cell.Chromosomes are composed of genes. A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn codes for a trait. Hence you hear it commonly referred to as the gene for baldness or the gene for blue eyes. Meanwhile, DNA is the chemical that genes and chromosomes are made of. It stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is called a nucleic acid because it was first found in the nucleus. We now know that DNA is also found in organelles, the mitochondria and chloroplasts, though it is the DNA in the nucleus that actually controls the cell's workings.
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick established the structure of DNA. The structure is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose. Color all the phosphates pink (one is labeled with a "p"). Color all the deoxyriboses blue (one is labeled with a "D").
The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. Two of the bases are purines - adenine and guanine. The pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. The bases are known by their coded letters A, G, T, C. These bases always bond in a certain way. Adenine will only bond to thymine. Guanine will only bond with cytosine. This is known as the Base-Pair Rule. The bases can occur in any order along a strand of DNA. The order of these bases is the code the contains the instructions. For instance ATGCACATA would code for a different gene than AATTACGGA. A strand of DNA contains millions of bases. (For simplicity, the image only contains a few.) Note that the bases attach to the sides of the ladder at the sugars and not the phosphate.
Color the thymines orange.
Color the adenines green. 
Color the guanines purple.
Color the cytosines yellow. 
Note that that the bases attach to the sides of the ladder at the sugars and not the phosphate.
The combination of a single base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate make up a nucleotide. DNA is actually a molecule or repeating nucleotides. Examine the nucleotides closer. Two of the bases are purines - adenine and guanine. The pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. Note that the pyrimidines are single ringed and the purines are double ringed. Color the nucleotides using the same colors as you colored them in the double helix.
The two sides of the DNA ladder are held together loosely by hydrogen bonds. Color the hydrogen bonds gray.
Messenger RNA
So, now, we know the nucleus controls the cell's activities through the chemical DNA, but how? It is the sequence of bases that determine which protein is to be made. The sequence is like a code that we can now interpret. The sequence determines which proteins are made and the proteins determine which activities will be performed. And that is how the nucleus is the control center of the cell. The only problem is that the DNA is too big to go through the nuclear pores. So a chemical is used to to read the DNA in the nucleus. That chemical is messenger RNA. The messenger RNA (mRNA) is small enough to go through the nuclear pores. It takes the "message" of the DNA to the ribosomes and "tells them" what proteins are to be made. Recall that proteins are the body's building blocks. Imagine that the code taken to the ribosomes is telling the ribosome what is needed - like a recipe.Messenger RNA is similar to DNA, except that it is a single strand, and it has no thymine. Instead of thymine, mRNA contains the base Uracil. In addition to that difference, mRNA has the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. Color the mRNA as you did the DNA, except:
Color the ribose a DARKER BLUE, and the uracil brown.
The Blueprint of Life
Every cell in your body has the same "blueprint" or the same DNA. Like the blueprints of a house tell the builders how to construct a house, the DNA "blueprint" tells the cell how to build the organism. Yet, how can a heart be so different from a brain if all the cells contain the same instructions? Although much work remains in genetics, it has become apparent that a cell has the ability to turn off most genes and only work with the genes necessary to do a job. We also know that a lot of DNA apparently is nonsense and codes for nothing. These regions of DNA that do not code for proteins are called "introns", or sometimes "junk DNA". The sections of DNA that do actually code from proteins are called "exons".DNA Replication
Each time a new cell is made, the cell must receive an exact copy of the parent cell DNA. The new cells then receive the instructions and information needed to function. The process of copying DNA is called replication. Replication occurs in a unique way – instead of copying a complete new strand of DNA, the process “saves” or conserves one of the original strand. For this reason, replication is called semi-conservative. When the DNA is ready to copy, the molecule “unzips” itself and new nucleotides are added to each side.The image showing replication is similar to the DNA and mRNA coloring. Note the nucleotides are shown as their 3 parts – sugar (blue), phosphate (pink) and one of the four bases (color codes are above). Color the replication model on the second page. Notice that several nucleotides are floating around, they are waiting to pair up with their match.
The boxed section shows two new strands of DNA. Color the old strand (including its base) red and the new strand (including its base) green.
Questions:
1. Why is the nucleus called the "control center" of the cell?
2. What is a gene?
3. Where in the cell are chromosomes located?
4. DNA can be found in what organelles?
5. What two scientists established the structure of DNA?
6. Replication is called “semi-conservative” because half of the original strand is
7. What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
8. What three parts make up a single nucleotide:
9. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
10. What sugar is found in DNA? ___________ In RNA? _______
11. How do the bases bond together? A bonds with _____ G bonds with _____
12. Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger?
13. Proteins are made where in the cell?
14. How is RNA different from DNA? (list 3 things)
15. The process of copying DNA is called
16. What is the shape of DNA?
17. How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the cells is exactly the same. In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell?
18. Why is DNA called the "Blueprint of Life"?
2. What is a gene?
3. Where in the cell are chromosomes located?
4. DNA can be found in what organelles?
5. What two scientists established the structure of DNA?
6. Replication is called “semi-conservative” because half of the original strand is
7. What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
8. What three parts make up a single nucleotide:
9. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
10. What sugar is found in DNA? ___________ In RNA? _______
11. How do the bases bond together? A bonds with _____ G bonds with _____
12. Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger?
13. Proteins are made where in the cell?
14. How is RNA different from DNA? (list 3 things)
15. The process of copying DNA is called
16. What is the shape of DNA?
17. How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the cells is exactly the same. In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell?
18. Why is DNA called the "Blueprint of Life"?
DNA - The Double Helix
DNA REPLICATION
Tuesday, April 1
HUMAN BODY GLOGSTER PROJECT
Points to add in your
HUMAN BODY PRESENTATION
USE THIS LIST & SYLLABUS TO HELP YOU WITH YOUR PROJECT
Body System Checklist - Circulatory System
√ Description & Major functions of circulatory system
√ Diagram that includes the major parts - heart, artery, vein, capillary - and list the function(s) of each.
√ Describe each of the components of blood- red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, & plasma
√ Describe the path blood travels through your body
√ Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Give examples.
√ You may list the facts use them to create trivia questions for the class.
Body System Checklist - Nervous System
√ Description & Major functions of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
√ Diagram that includes the major parts - brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neurons - and list the function(s)of each.
√ Describe the path a nerve impulse travels throughout your body from stimulus to response.
√ Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Give examples.
√ You may list the facts use them to create trivia questions.
Body System Checklist - Skeletal System
√ Description & Major functions of skeletal system
√ Diagram that includes the major parts -bones, ligaments, and tendon - and list the function(s) of each.
NOTE: Your diagram should also include the following bones in the body: cranium, clavicle, humerus,scapula, sternum, rib, vertebra, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis (may list parts),femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals.
√ Describe each of the following joints and where they are located: hinge, pivot, and ball-and-socket.
You may include other joints as well.
√ Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Give examples.
√ You may list the facts use them to create trivia questions.
Body System Checklist - Muscular System
√ Description & Major functions of muscular system
√ Describe the function and locations of each type of muscle - skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and
cardiac muscle
√ Diagram that includes the major muscles in the body
√ Describe how muscles work in pairs to make parts of the body move using the biceps and triceps for example.
√ Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Give examples.
√ You may list the facts & use them to create trivia questions.
Body System Checklist - Urinary System
√ Description & Major functions of urinary system
√ Diagram that includes the major parts - kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra,and list the function(s) of each.
√ Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Give
examples.
√ You may list the facts & use them to create trivia questions.
Body System Checklist - Digestive System
√ Major functions of digestive system
√ Diagram that includes the major parts - mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, liver, pancreas, & gal bladder & list the function(s) of each.
√ Describe the path food travels throughout the digestive system.
√ Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 3 examples.
√ You may list the facts & use them to create trivia questions
Body System Checklist - Immune System
√ Major functions of immune system
√ List the functions of each part of the immune system - thymus, white blood cells, antibodies, epidermis, cilia, mucus, and saliva.
√ Describe each “line of defense”
√ Explain how vaccinations work and give examples of diseases that are prevented through the use of vaccinations.
√ Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body.Give examples.
√ You may list the facts & use them to create trivia questions.
Thursday, March 27
HUMAN BODY PROJECT - SYLLABUS & WEB SITES
HUMAN BODY PROJECT
As a final 4th quarter project, and as a wrap-up to the study of the HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS, YOU will design a "HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS TRAVEL GLOG". You may choose one of the body systems covered in class and create a Glogster that educates your peers on how the selected body system works.
The BODY SYSTEMS covered in class and available for students to select are:
1) SKELETAL SYSTEM;
2) MUSCULAR SYSTEM;
3) NERVOUS SYSTEM;
4) CIRCULATORY SYSTEM;
5) RESPIRATORY SYSTEM;
6) DIGESTIVE SYSTEM;
7) URINARY SYSTEM;
8) IMMUNE SYSTEM;
*** Only 2 students per body system (must get approval by me for your choice)
¨ You must have a ROUGH DRAFT on notebook paper with References attached
¨ You will be given a Glogster password; Choose a template that expresses your creativity
¨ Once approved by me – you can begin creating your Glogster.
¨ If you use other websites for information you must ask for approval by me!!!
This is an important project, which you have been prepared to complete with greatness; Please take this very SERIOUSLY.
Limited class time will be given, this is primarily an outside science project!!! (budget your time)
Creativity will be very important to receive maximum points
PRESENTATION (keep these directives in mind as you practice & present)
• Did the Glogster enhance the presentation? (Minimal fancy stuff in Glogster).
Keep the Glogster simple! You must talk during the presentation, so use that time to share the details.
• Was the information presented in an organized manner?
• Did you “know” the information? You should know the information well enough that you do not need to read it word-for-word off note cards or the Glogster.
• Did you present to the class? Don’t talk to the screen!
• Did you practice? Be sure to run through your presentation a few times before you present to the class!
INFORMATION REQUIRED:
¨ Identify a minimum of ‘15’ (fifteen) important facts about the system;
¨ Identify & explain the main structures of the system
¨ At least ‘3’ (three) graphics with a caption below graphic; explain
¨ Describe how the system functions (this could be done using different means - flowchart, diagrams, graphs, video (no longer than 3 minutes) etc...);
o At least one
¨ Identify ‘3’ (three) common illnesses/conditions of the system; at least one related to children; explain
¨ Identify ‘3’ (three) common actions a person can do to improve this body system; explain
¨ Identify the type of MEDICAL DOCTORS of your system (what are these doctors called) & what do they do;
REVIEW OF DATA REQUIRED:
Part 1: Introduction
Tell the name of your organ system and describe the major functions.
Part 2: Diagram
Provide a diagram of your body system with the major parts and organs labeled with their name and functions.
Part 3: Teamwork
Explain how your body system works with others in the body.
Part 4: Say Cheese!
3 or more graphics showing this system
Part 5: Nurse, Can you Spell that?
Explain common illness/diseases of your system
Part 6: Dr. Who?
Types of Doctors of your system & their responsibilities
MATERIALS:
¨ Computer/Internet; GLOSTER& Password; Notebook paper/pen or pencil; Word document
SKILLS NEEDED:
¨ Organization, Time Management, Research, Continuity, Presentation Skills
¨ You will need to spent time each day working on this project. You may work at home, come in before school to work in Mrs. Kilgore’s room, After care, or public library.
GLOGSTER SPECIFICS
¨ Body Font > 20
¨ Titles – capitalized
¨ All graphics & diagrams must have a caption underneath
BIBLIOGRAPHY – word document
¨ Title for word document – ‘BIBLIOGRAPHY’ - (capitalized); Your ‘NAME’
¨ Citations in alphabetical order
¨ Cite All REFERENCES used - (information, graphics, charts, diagrams, etc…)
*** Keep this syllabus with you at all times. I will initial each step.
APPROVED WEBSITES
http://www.altabatessummit.org/physicians/physician_specialty_definitions.html - types of physicians
Physicians are categorized by a variety of factors including medical specialty, or patient population.
Primary Care - Family Medicine
Family medicine is one of the options of primary care physicians. Learn more about how to become a Family Practice physician and average income. Family practice physicians see patients of all ages and provide basic care for a variety of more common ailments.
Primary Care - Internal Medicine
Internists also can provide primary care, or they can also sub-specialize into a variety of other areas such as gastroenterology or endocrinology, to name a few of many sub-specialties.
Internists usually have more hospital-based training than family practitioners, and internists do not typically see children under the age of 18.
Hospitalist
Hospitalists only see patients in the hospital. Most hospitalists are physicians who trained in internal medicine, but prefer hospital work over more clinic-based primary care. Some hospitalists may be trained in family practice, but that's not as common.
Surgeon
Surgeons can also be trained in general surgery, or more specialized types of surgery such as orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, or cardiac surgery. Surgeons spend a great deal of time in the Operating Room of a hospital or outpatient surgery center. The training to become a surgeon is typically several years longer than primary care and some medical sub-specialties.
Cardiologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)
Cardiology is one of many sub-specialties of internal medicine. Cardiologists focus on treatment of the heart and blood vessels of the cardiovascular system. There are many different types of cardiologists, focusing on different aspects of the field. Training to become a cardiologist is fairly extensive, as several years of fellowship are required after completing three years of internal medicine residency. Therefore, a minimum of six years of residency and fellowship after medical school is typical for cardiologists in training.
Dermatologist
Dermatology is one of the most competitive fields for physicians. Typically, only the very top medical students are accepted into dermatology residency programs. Why the desire for dermatology? Because dermatologists are very well compensated (due to aesthetic and cash-pay elective procedures such as botox, lasering, and more). Plus, the quality of life is excellent, with little to no on-call time required, due to the nature of the work.
Endocrinologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)
Endocrinologist treat the endocrine system: the glands that produce and secrete hormones that control and regulate nearly all of the body's functions. Diabetics are often treated by an endocrinologist, as are patients with various thyroid issues.
Gastroenterologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)
Gastroenterologists treat the digestive system. This field attracts physicians who enjoy doing procedures, but who also enjoy seeing patients in an outpatient setting as well.
Infectious Disease (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)
Infectious disease physicians have been very busy lately, dealing with swine flu, bird flu, as well as HIV/AIDS, among other communicable diseases. Infectious disease physicians may practice some primary care internal medicine in addition to their infectious disease patients, depending on the needs of the community or employer.
Nephrologist (Sub-specialty of Internal Medicine)
Nephrologists study internal medicine and then sub-specialize in nephrology via additional 2-3 years of fellowship training. Nephrologists treat kidney disease, and prescribe dialysis for that experiencing kidney failure.
Ophthalmologist
Opthalmologists are medical doctors who treat diseases or disorders of the eyes, and perform eye surgery. Vision correction that cannot be handled by an optometrist may be treated by an ophthalmologist.
Obstetrician/Gynecologist (OB/Gyn)
OB/Gyns provide women's healthcare, including care of pregnant women, and surgeries of the reproductive organs to repair abnormalities or remove cancers.
Otolaryngologist
Otolaryngologists, also known as otorhinolaryngologists, are sometimes more commonly referred to as E.N.T.s, which stands for "ear, nose, and throat". Otolaryngology is another field that entails a combination of surgical skills and office-based medicine and treatment. ENTs cover a lot of issues from sinus problems, allergies, head and neck cancers, and more. Therefore, many physicians sub-specialize in a specific area of otolaryngology. However, the current demand is for more general otolaryngologists as opposed to sub-specialized ones.
Pediatrician
You must really love kids to be a pediatrician. Pediatricians only care for younger patients, from infancy through age 18, or sometimes as high as age 21. Pediatricians provide primary health care to children including immunizations, well-baby checks and school physicals, and treatment of coughs and colds, among many other things. More seriously ill or complicated patients may be referred to a pediatric sub-specialist for more specialized treatment.
Pulmonologist (Sub-Specialty of Internal Medicine)
Pulmonologists treat the respiratory system, including the lungs. Pulmonologists often study critical care medicine in conjunction with pulmonary disease, and therefore they may serve as intensivists (covering the ICU) in a hospital, in addition to also seeing patients in an office setting to treat lung problems and diseases.
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist treats the mental health and well-being of the patient. Psychiatrists may also be office-based, hospital-based, or a combination thereof. Most psychiatrists prefer to practice in an office setting. Some psychiatrists may focus on Child and Adolescent psychiatry, or on addiction medicine.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)